New 🐟 Mercury Safety Guide & Omega-3 Rankings Updated for 2026. View Omega-3 Rankings →

⚠️
Cycle Chemistry

Nitrite (NO2-)

The second stage of the nitrogen cycle - less immediately toxic than ammonia but still deadly, causing "brown blood disease" by preventing oxygen uptake.

Unit: ppm Code: NO2

📊 Ideal Ranges

Freshwater
0-0 ppm
Saltwater
0-0 ppm
Deadly Threshold
0.5 ppm

📖 Overview

Nitrite is produced when Nitrosomonas bacteria convert ammonia. It is then converted to nitrate by Nitrobacter and Nitrospira. During cycling, nitrite spikes for 2-3 weeks between the ammonia and nitrate stages. Nitrite binds hemoglobin, forming methemoglobin, which cannot carry oxygen - suffocating fish from within ("brown blood disease").

📉 How to Lower

Water changes. Salt (chloride ions compete with nitrite uptake). Ammonia detoxifier products often neutralize nitrite too. Time - the cycle will complete.