Dorsal soft rays (total): 9; Anal soft rays: 26 - 33; Vertebrae: 30 - 31. This species is distinguished from T. anostomus, T. denticulatus, T. juruena, T. kuluene by the principal teeth on dentary 4 (vs. 5-6), and having larger and more robust teeth (vs. thinner and sharper teeth); differs from T. anostomus, T. araguaiensis by the gill-rakers on lower limb of the first gill arch 11-14 (vs. 17-20); differs from T. carvalhoi by the rounded dark mark on the caudal peduncle (vs. lozenge-shaped); differs from T. anostomus by having a terminal mouth (vs. subsuperior); differs from T. anostomus, T. kuluene by the conspicuous humeral marks 2 (vs. 1); differs from T. argenteus by the predorsal scales 7-9 (vs. 11-17); differs from T. franciscoensis by the number of olfactory lamellae 20-40 (vs. 11-17) and by having more robust teeth on dentary (vs. thinner and sharper teeth); differs from T. denticulatus by having humeral marks separated by a single vertical scale row (vs. marks separated by three vertical scale rows); differs from T. rarus by lacking the longitudinal dark stripes on the trunk (vs. presence); differs from T. rarus, T. georgiae by the scale rows between lateral line and pelvic fin origin 3.5 (vs. 4.5-5.5); differs from T. ommatus by the teeth on the maxilla 1-4 (vs. 7-8) and by having a conspicuous dark mark on the caudal peduncle (vs. inconspicuous and limited to the posterior part of the caudal peduncle) Cross section: compressed.
🌀 Behaviour
Behavioural data for aquarium is currently being
reviewed.
🦐 Diet
aquatic invertebrates
small fish
algae
detritus
🥚 Reproduction
🐣 Oviparous
Spawning Season
spring
Spawn Location
Substrate
Fertilization
External
🌍 Habitat & Distribution
Freshwater; pelagic; pH range: 5.0 - 7.5; dH range: ? - 20. Tropical; 20°C - 28°C South America: Amazon basin (including rio Tocantins), Orinoco and the Atlantic drainages of the Guianas (Essequibo, Corantijn and Marowijne river basins).
Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (Editors)
(2024).
FishBase.
World Wide Web electronic publication.
FishBase Consortium.
Link
↗
Conservation
IUCN
(2024).
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Version 2024-1.
International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Link
↗
Taxonomy
GBIF Secretariat
(2024).
GBIF Backbone Taxonomy.
Checklist dataset.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility.
DOI ↗
Nutrition
USDA Agricultural Research Service
(2024).
FoodData Central.
USDA National Nutrient Database.
United States Department of Agriculture.
Link
↗
Fishery
NOAA Fisheries
(2024).
FishWatch: U.S. Seafood Facts.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Link
↗
Monterey Bay Aquarium
(2024).
Seafood Watch Recommendations.
Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation.
Link
↗
Aquaculture
FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department
(2024).
The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Link
↗
Distribution
Kaschner, K., Kesner-Reyes, K., Garilao, C., Segschneider, J., Rius-Barile, J., Rees, T., Froese, R.
(2024).
AquaMaps: Predicted range maps for aquatic species.
AquaMaps.
Link
↗
Ecology
Nelson, J.S., Grande, T.C., Wilson, M.V.H.
(2016).
Fishes of the World.
5th edition.
John Wiley & Sons.
Behavior
Helfman, G.S., Collette, B.B., Facey, D.E., Bowen, B.W.
(2009).
The Diversity of Fishes: Biology, Evolution, and Ecology.
2nd edition.
Wiley-Blackwell.
Morphology
Froese, R.
(2006).
Cube law, condition factor and weight-length relationships: history, meta-analysis and recommendations.
Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 22(4), 241-253.
DOI ↗
Toxicology
Halstead, B.W., Auerbach, P.S., Campbell, D.
(1988).
A Colour Atlas of Dangerous Marine Animals.
Wolfe Medical Publications.
Wolfe Medical.
Reproduction
Balon, E.K.
(1975).
Reproductive Guilds of Fishes: A Proposal and Definition.
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 32(6), 821-864.