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🌊 Marine Endangered ⚠️ Venomous ⚡ Traumatogenic 🌡️ Tropical

Himantura Leoparda

Himantura leoparda Matsumoto & Last, 2008
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Max Length
-
Max Weight
55.0 kg
Lifespan
-
Trophic Level
3.6
Depth
-
Climate
Tropical
Resilience
-
Vulnerability
70.00/100
Typical Length
-
Depth Zone
demersal

📖 Overview

Occurs mainly inshore and coastal, but on the continental shelf to depths of at least 70 m. Birth size is about 20 cm WD; maximum female size 110.5 WD .

Scientific Name
Himantura leoparda
Authority
Matsumoto & Last, 2008
Habitat
Marine
Climate
Tropical
IUCN Status
EN
Max Weight
55 kg
Trophic Level
3.6
Vulnerability
70.00/100
Salinity
30–40 ppt

🐟 Physical Description

Physical description for Himantura Leoparda is currently being compiled.

🌀 Behaviour

Behavioural data for Himantura Leoparda is currently being reviewed.

🦐 Diet

aquatic invertebrates
small fish
algae
detritus

🥚 Reproduction

Size at Maturity
75cm TL

🌍 Habitat & Distribution

Marine; demersal; depth range ? - 70 m . Tropical north to Thailand and south to Australia.

🌿 Ecology

Zone Preferences
🌊 Marine ⬇️ Benthic
Trophic Level
3.6±0.5

📐 Morphometrics

Length–Weight Relationship: W = 0.01023 × L3.06 (TL)
Max Weight
55,000g

🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance

Salinity Range
30–40ppt

🛡️ Conservation Assessment

IUCN Category
Endangered
Assessment Date
2023

📊 Population Risk & Fisheries

Fishing Vulnerability
70.00/100
High vulnerability
Trophic Level
3.6
Predator
Climate Zone
Tropical
Described By
Matsumoto & Last, 2008

⚠️ Venom Profile

Medical Warning: This species is venomous. Seek immediate medical attention if envenomated. Contact emergency services and follow first aid guidance below.
Venom Type
proteinaceous cytotoxic
Delivery
serrated caudal spine (barb)
Potency
Severe
Mortality Risk
Low
Symptom Onset
5min
Duration
24.0hrs
Antivenom
✗ Not Available
Named Toxins
phosphodiesterase 5-nucleotidase cardiotoxin peptides
Symptoms
  • intense pain
  • laceration
  • oedema
  • retained spine fragments possible
Affected Body Systems
cardiovascular muscular
First Aid
Hot water immersion. Do not remove embedded barb from chest or abdomen - medical removal only.
Medical Treatment

Wound care, imaging for retained spine, tetanus prophylaxis, antibiotic prophylaxis for marine wounds.

References: Compiled from Bhide (2018), Halstead et al. (1988) and family-specific envenomation literature

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