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🌊 Marine ⚠️ Venomous ⚡ Traumatogenic 🌡️ Tropical

Himantura Pareh

Himantura pareh Bleeker, 1852
Max Length
-
Max Weight
-
Lifespan
-
Trophic Level
3.6
Depth
-
Climate
Tropical
Resilience
Low
Vulnerability
90.00/100
Typical Length
-
Depth Zone
demersal

📖 Overview

Himantura Pareh (Himantura pareh), first described by Bleeker, 1852 is a fish in the family Dasyatidae (order Myliobatiformes). It inhabits marine coastal and open-ocean environments. It occurs in Tropical waters. It feeds on a mix of small fish and invertebrates as a mid-level predator. The species is venomous and potentially dangerous to handle.

Scientific Name
Himantura pareh
Authority
Bleeker, 1852
Habitat
Marine
Climate
Tropical
Trophic Level
3.6
Resilience
Low
Vulnerability
90.00/100
Salinity
30–40 ppt

🐟 Physical Description

Physical description for Himantura Pareh is currently being compiled.

🌀 Behaviour

Behavioural data for Himantura Pareh is currently being reviewed.

🦐 Diet

aquatic invertebrates
small fish
algae
detritus

🥚 Reproduction

🐣 Oviparous 📦 Batch Spawner
Spawning Season
spring-summer
Spawn Location
Pelagic
Fertilization
External

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures . Distinct pairing with embrace . Distinct pairing with embrace .

🌍 Habitat & Distribution

Marine; demersal. Tropical Central Pacific: Indonesia.

🌿 Ecology

Zone Preferences
🌊 Marine ⬇️ Benthic
Trophic Level
3.6±0.5

📐 Morphometrics

Length–Weight Relationship: W = 0.01023 × L3.06 (TL)

🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance

Salinity Range
30–40ppt

📊 Population Risk & Fisheries

Population Resilience
Low
Minimum doubling time
Fishing Vulnerability
90.00/100
Very High vulnerability
Trophic Level
3.6
Predator
Climate Zone
Tropical
Described By
Bleeker, 1852

⚠️ Venom Profile

Medical Warning: This species is venomous. Seek immediate medical attention if envenomated. Contact emergency services and follow first aid guidance below.
Venom Type
proteinaceous cytotoxic
Delivery
serrated caudal spine (barb)
Potency
Severe
Mortality Risk
Low
Symptom Onset
5min
Duration
24.0hrs
Antivenom
✗ Not Available
Named Toxins
phosphodiesterase 5-nucleotidase cardiotoxin peptides
Symptoms
  • intense pain
  • laceration
  • oedema
  • retained spine fragments possible
Affected Body Systems
cardiovascular muscular
First Aid
Hot water immersion. Do not remove embedded barb from chest or abdomen - medical removal only.
Medical Treatment

Wound care, imaging for retained spine, tetanus prophylaxis, antibiotic prophylaxis for marine wounds.

References: Compiled from Bhide (2018), Halstead et al. (1988) and family-specific envenomation literature

🌐 Names & Taxonomy

Scientific Synonyms

Scientific Name Author Year Status
Trygon pareh Bleeker 1852 Synonym

🗺️ Global Occurrence Map

Occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) - 1 records indexed .

Occurrence density from GBIF View GBIF records ↗

👥 Community & Contribute

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