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🌊 Marine Least Concern ⚠️ Venomous ⚡ Venomous 🌡️ Tropical

Two-stick stingfish

Inimicus filamentosus Cuvier, 1829
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Max Length
25 cm
Max Weight
-
Lifespan
-
Trophic Level
4.1
Depth
-
Climate
Tropical
Resilience
Medium
Vulnerability
43.00/100
Typical Length
20 cm
Depth Zone
reef

📖 Overview

Two-stick stingfish (Inimicus filamentosus) is a ray-finned fish of the family Synanceiidae. It inhabits marine (saltwater) waters in reef-associated environments. This species can reach a maximum total length of 25 cm. With a trophic level of 4.1, it is a mid-level predator. It is assessed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. Venomous.

Scientific Name
Inimicus filamentosus
Authority
Cuvier, 1829
Habitat
Marine
Climate
Tropical
IUCN Status
LC
Max Length
25 cm
Trophic Level
4.1
Resilience
Medium
Vulnerability
43.00/100
Salinity
30–40 ppt

🐟 Physical Description

Physical description for Two-stick stingfish is currently being compiled.

🌀 Behaviour

Behavioural data for Two-stick stingfish is currently being reviewed.

🦐 Diet

small fish
crustaceans
cephalopods

🥚 Reproduction

🐣 Oviparous 📦 Batch Spawner
Spawning Season
spring-summer
Spawn Location
Pelagic
Fertilization
External

🌍 Habitat & Distribution

Marine; reef-associated; depth range ? - 55 m . Tropical East Africa to Maldives.

🌿 Ecology

Zone Preferences
🌊 Marine 🪸 Reef Associated
Trophic Level
4.1±0.7

📐 Morphometrics

Length–Weight Relationship: W = 0.01 × L3.12 (TL)
Max TL
25cm

🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance

Salinity Range
30–40ppt

🛡️ Conservation Assessment

IUCN Category
Least Concern
Assessment Date
2017

📊 Population Risk & Fisheries

Population Resilience
Medium
Minimum doubling time
Fishing Vulnerability
43.00/100
Moderate vulnerability
Trophic Level
4.1
Apex / Top predator
Climate Zone
Tropical
Described By
Cuvier, 1829

⚠️ Venom Profile

Medical Warning: This species is venomous. Seek immediate medical attention if envenomated. Contact emergency services and follow first aid guidance below.
Venom Type
proteinaceous cytotoxic and neurotoxic
Delivery
dorsal spines with venom glands
Potency
Potentially lethal
Mortality Risk
Moderate
Symptom Onset
2min
Duration
48.0hrs
Antivenom
✓ Available
Named Toxins
Stonustoxin verrucotoxin trachynilysin
Symptoms
  • excruciating pain
  • tissue necrosis
  • cardiovascular collapse
  • pulmonary oedema
Affected Body Systems
cardiovascular respiratory peripheral nervous system muscular
First Aid
Immediate immersion in hot water; call emergency services immediately.
Medical Treatment

CSL Stonefish antivenom (Australia); intensive supportive care; wound debridement.

Antivenom: CSL Stonefish Antivenom

References: Compiled from Bhide (2018), Halstead et al. (1988) and family-specific envenomation literature

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