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🌊 Marine ⚠️ Venomous ⚡ Venomous 🌡️ Tropical

Singapore stinger

Inimicus brachyrhynchus Bleeker, 1874
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Max Length
22 cm
Max Weight
-
Lifespan
-
Trophic Level
4
Depth
0–50 m
Climate
Tropical
Resilience
Medium
Vulnerability
33.00/100
Typical Length
-
Depth Zone
demersal

📖 Overview

Singapore stinger (Inimicus brachyrhynchus) is a ray-finned fish of the family Synanceiidae. It inhabits marine (saltwater) waters in benthic environments. This species can reach a maximum total length of 22 cm. It occurs at depths between 0 and 50 metres. With a trophic level of 4, it is a mid-level predator. Venomous.

Scientific Name
Inimicus brachyrhynchus
Authority
Bleeker, 1874
Habitat
Marine
Climate
Tropical
Body Shape
Short and / or deep
Max Length
22 cm
Depth Range
0–50 m
Trophic Level
4
Resilience
Medium
Vulnerability
33.00/100
Salinity
30–40 ppt

🐟 Physical Description

Dorsal spines (total): 17; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 10. : short and / or deep.

🌀 Behaviour

Behavioural data for Singapore stinger is currently being reviewed.

🦐 Diet

small fish
crustaceans
cephalopods

🥚 Reproduction

🐣 Oviparous 📦 Batch Spawner
Spawning Season
spring-summer
Spawn Location
Pelagic
Fertilization
External

🌍 Habitat & Distribution

Marine; demersal; depth range 0 - 50 m . Tropical west Pacific: Hong Kong and Singapore (Ref 90102).

🌿 Ecology

Zone Preferences
🌊 Marine ⬇️ Benthic
Trophic Level
4±0.7

📐 Morphometrics

Length–Weight Relationship: W = 0.02138 × L2.94 (TL)
Max TL
22cm
Dorsal Spines
17
Dorsal Rays
8
Anal Spines
2
Anal Rays
10

🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance

Salinity Range
30–40ppt

📊 Population Risk & Fisheries

Population Resilience
Medium
Minimum doubling time
Fishing Vulnerability
33.00/100
Low vulnerability
Trophic Level
4
Apex / Top predator
Body Shape
Short and / or deep
Climate Zone
Tropical
Described By
Bleeker, 1874

⚠️ Venom Profile

Medical Warning: This species is venomous. Seek immediate medical attention if envenomated. Contact emergency services and follow first aid guidance below.
Venom Type
proteinaceous cytotoxic and neurotoxic
Delivery
dorsal spines with venom glands
Potency
Potentially lethal
Mortality Risk
Moderate
Symptom Onset
2min
Duration
48.0hrs
Antivenom
✓ Available
Named Toxins
Stonustoxin verrucotoxin trachynilysin
Symptoms
  • excruciating pain
  • tissue necrosis
  • cardiovascular collapse
  • pulmonary oedema
Affected Body Systems
cardiovascular respiratory peripheral nervous system muscular
First Aid
Immediate immersion in hot water; call emergency services immediately.
Medical Treatment

CSL Stonefish antivenom (Australia); intensive supportive care; wound debridement.

Antivenom: CSL Stonefish Antivenom

References: Compiled from Bhide (2018), Halstead et al. (1988) and family-specific envenomation literature

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