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🌊 Marine Least Concern ⚠️ Venomous ⚡ Poisonous to eat 🌡️ Tropical

Yellowmouth moray

Gymnothorax nudivomer Günther, 1867
Starry Moray (Gymnothorax nudivomer)
Starry Moray (Gymnothorax nudivomer)
Max Length
180 cm
Max Weight
-
Lifespan
-
Trophic Level
4.5
Depth
2–271 m
Climate
Tropical
Resilience
Very low
Vulnerability
81.00/100
Typical Length
-
Depth Zone
reef

📖 Overview

Mainly in oceanic locations . Adults are found inhabiting inner and outer reef slopes . Benthic . Mucus is toxic .

Scientific Name
Gymnothorax nudivomer
Authority
Günther, 1867
Habitat
Marine
Climate
Tropical
IUCN Status
LC
Max Length
180 cm
Depth Range
2–271 m
Latitude
23°S – 30°N
Trophic Level
4.5
Resilience
Very low
Vulnerability
81.00/100
Water Temp
20–28 °C
Salinity
30–40 ppt

🔬 Taxonomy

🐟 Physical Description

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 0. Large individuals; body dark yellow-brown numerous, smaller than pupil-sized spots that become small and numerous anteriorly, but large and widely spaced posteriorly . Yellow inside the mouth . This species has a relatively short, blunt snout; the larger specimens lack vomerine teeth and median intermaxillary teeth; the largest teeth are finely serrate; and jaws not arched, even in large specimens .: eel-like.

🌀 Behaviour

Behavioural data for Yellowmouth moray is currently being reviewed.

🦐 Diet

small fish
crustaceans
cephalopods

🥚 Reproduction

🐣 Oviparous 📦 Batch Spawner
Spawning Season
spring-summer
Spawn Location
Pelagic
Fertilization
External

🌍 Habitat & Distribution

Marine; reef-associated; depth range 2 - 271 m , usually 30 - ? m . Tropical; 20°C - 28°C ; 30°N - 23°S South Africa (Ref.

🌿 Ecology

Zone Preferences
🌊 Marine 🪸 Reef Associated
Trophic Level
4.5±0.8

📐 Morphometrics

Length–Weight Relationship: W = 0.00055 × L3.29 (TL)
Max TL
180cm

🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance

Temperature Range
20–28°C
Salinity Range
30–40ppt

🛡️ Conservation Assessment

IUCN Category
Least Concern
Assessment Date
2011

📊 Population Risk & Fisheries

Population Resilience
Very low
Minimum doubling time
Fishing Vulnerability
81.00/100
Very High vulnerability
Trophic Level
4.5
Apex / Top predator
Climate Zone
Tropical
Latitude Range
30°N – 23°S
Described By
Günther, 1867

⚠️ Venom Profile

Medical Warning: This species is venomous. Seek immediate medical attention if envenomated. Contact emergency services and follow first aid guidance below.
Venom Type
proteinaceous neurotoxin
Delivery
dorsal, anal, and pelvic fin spines
Potency
Severe
Mortality Risk
Low
Symptom Onset
5min
Duration
24.0hrs
Antivenom
✗ Not Available
Named Toxins
high-molecular-weight protein (Stonustoxin analogue) acetylcholine
Symptoms
  • immediate intense pain
  • swelling
  • erythema
  • occasional nausea and weakness
Affected Body Systems
peripheral nervous system cardiovascular
First Aid
Immerse affected area in hot water (45 C, tolerable) for 30-90 minutes to denature toxin. Do not apply ice.
Medical Treatment

Analgesia; wound care; tetanus prophylaxis; severe cases may require monitoring for systemic effects.

References: Compiled from Bhide (2018), Halstead et al. (1988) and family-specific envenomation literature

🌐 Names & Taxonomy

Language Common Names
🇬🇧English Starry moray, Yellowmouth moray · Yellow-mouthed Moray Eel · starry moray · yellowmouth moray
🇩🇰Danish Gulmundet muræne
🇩🇪German Gelbmaulmuräne
🇫🇷French Congre tacheté · Murène à bouche jaune
🌍HEB ניבן צהוב-לע
🇮🇹Italian Murena dalla bocca gialla
🇯🇵Japanese Adeutsubo · アデウツボ
🇳🇱Dutch Geelbekmurene
🇵🇹Portuguese Moréia-de-boca-amarela
🇪🇸Spanish Morena boca amarilla
🇨🇳Chinese 秤仔花 · 糬鰻 · 薯鰻 · 虎鰻 · 裸犁裸胸鱔 · 裸鋤裸胸鯙 · 錢鰻

🗺️ Global Occurrence Map

Occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) - 1 records indexed .

Occurrence density from GBIF View GBIF records ↗

👥 Community & Contribute

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