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🌊 Marine Least Concern ⚠️ Venomous ⚡ Traumatogenic 🌡️ Tropical

Blackcheek moray

Gymnothorax breedeni McCosker & Randall, 1977
Max Length
100 cm
Max Weight
-
Lifespan
-
Trophic Level
4.5
Depth
4–40 m
Climate
Tropical
Resilience
Low
Vulnerability
59.00/100
Typical Length
-
Depth Zone
reef

📖 Overview

Inhabits clear seaward reefs of oceanic islands to a depth over 25 m . Common on reef walls and steep slopes with holes . Inhabits porous coral rock which it shares with swarms of anthiases . Feeds on fishes and octopi . Territorial and will bite when provoked . Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 9710.

Scientific Name
Gymnothorax breedeni
Authority
McCosker & Randall, 1977
Habitat
Marine
Climate
Tropical
IUCN Status
LC
Max Length
100 cm
Depth Range
4–40 m
Trophic Level
4.5
Resilience
Low
Vulnerability
59.00/100
Salinity
30–40 ppt

🔬 Taxonomy

🐟 Physical Description

Vertebrae: 128 - 131. Distinctive black patch mark below eye . Body brown, speckled darker; dark anus and gill opening . : eel-like.

🌀 Behaviour

Behavioural data for Blackcheek moray is currently being reviewed.

🦐 Diet

small fish
crustaceans
cephalopods

🥚 Reproduction

🐣 Oviparous 📦 Batch Spawner
Spawning Season
spring-summer
Spawn Location
Pelagic
Fertilization
External

🌍 Habitat & Distribution

Marine; reef-associated; depth range 4 - 40 m , usually ? - 20 m . Tropical widespread in the Indian Ocean, ranging to some oceanic locations in the Pacific.

🌿 Ecology

Zone Preferences
🌊 Marine 🪸 Reef Associated
Trophic Level
4.5±0.8
Food Items

fishes and octopi (Ref

📐 Morphometrics

Length–Weight Relationship: W = 0.00047 × L3.28 (TL)
Max TL
100cm
Vertebrae
130

🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance

Salinity Range
30–40ppt

🛡️ Conservation Assessment

IUCN Category
Least Concern
Assessment Date
2011

📊 Population Risk & Fisheries

Population Resilience
Low
Minimum doubling time
Fishing Vulnerability
59.00/100
High vulnerability
Trophic Level
4.5
Apex / Top predator
Climate Zone
Tropical
Described By
McCosker & Randall, 1977

⚠️ Venom Profile

Medical Warning: This species is venomous. Seek immediate medical attention if envenomated. Contact emergency services and follow first aid guidance below.
Venom Type
proteinaceous neurotoxin
Delivery
dorsal, anal, and pelvic fin spines
Potency
Severe
Mortality Risk
Low
Symptom Onset
5min
Duration
24.0hrs
Antivenom
✗ Not Available
Named Toxins
high-molecular-weight protein (Stonustoxin analogue) acetylcholine
Symptoms
  • immediate intense pain
  • swelling
  • erythema
  • occasional nausea and weakness
Affected Body Systems
peripheral nervous system cardiovascular
First Aid
Immerse affected area in hot water (45 C, tolerable) for 30-90 minutes to denature toxin. Do not apply ice.
Medical Treatment

Analgesia; wound care; tetanus prophylaxis; severe cases may require monitoring for systemic effects.

References: Compiled from Bhide (2018), Halstead et al. (1988) and family-specific envenomation literature

🌐 Names & Taxonomy

Language Common Names
🇬🇧English Black-cheek moray · Black-cheeked Moray · Masked Moray · Masked Moray, Blackcheek moray · blackcheek moray
🌍CES muréna Breedenova
🇩🇰Danish Sortkindet muræne
🇩🇪German Bartmuräne
🇫🇷French Murène masquée
🇮🇹Italian Murena guancia nera · Murena mascherata
🇯🇵Japanese Hachimonjiutsubo · ハチモンジウツボ
🇵🇹Portuguese Moréia-de-bochecha-negra
🇪🇸Spanish Morena enmascarada

🗺️ Global Occurrence Map

Occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) - 1 records indexed .

Occurrence density from GBIF View GBIF records ↗

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