Kapala stingaree
📖 Overview
Serrated spines on the tail are venomous and can cause excruciating pain (https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/3544).
🔬 Taxonomy
🐟 Physical Description
This medium-sized species which lacks broad lobes on posterolateral border of nostrils, has the following set of characters: disc subcircular to weakly rhomboidal, width less than 62% TL; internasal flap bell-shaped; tail with well-developed lateral cutaneous folds; stinging spine long, 12-15% TL; dorsal fin low but prominent, free-rear tip over spine origin; total vertebrae 156-170; pre-spine vertebrae 86-95; dorsal surface of disc greenish, paler laterally; usually with dark suborbital blotch and V-shaped interorbital bar .: other.
🌀 Behaviour
Behavioural data for Kapala stingaree is currently being reviewed.
🦐 Diet
🥚 Reproduction
🌍 Habitat & Distribution
Marine; benthopelagic; depth range 9 - 79 m . Subtropical; 27°S - 37°S, 150°E - 153°E Southwest Pacific: New South Wales, Australia.
🌿 Ecology
📐 Morphometrics
🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance
🛡️ Conservation Assessment
📊 Population Risk & Fisheries
⚠️ Venom Profile
- immediate intense pain
- swelling
- erythema
- occasional nausea and weakness
Analgesia; wound care; tetanus prophylaxis; severe cases may require monitoring for systemic effects.
References: Compiled from Bhide (2018), Halstead et al. (1988) and family-specific envenomation literature
🔍 Similar Species
👥 Community & Contribute
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