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🌊 Marine Least Concern ⚠️ Venomous ⚡ Venomous 🌡️ Temperate

Banded stingaree

Urolophus cruciatus Lacepède, 1804
Max Length
50 cm
Max Weight
-
Lifespan
-
Trophic Level
3.4
Depth
-
Climate
Temperate
Resilience
Low
Vulnerability
52.00/100
Typical Length
-
Depth Zone
demersal

📖 Overview

Inhabits inshore waters, preferably muddy bottoms in the mouths of estuaries and in bays. Also found in rocky reefs . Feeds on crustaceans, mollusks, and worms . An inactive fish, lying concealed beneath the substrate where it is accidentally disturbed by divers and swimmers.

Scientific Name
Urolophus cruciatus
Authority
Lacepède, 1804
Habitat
Marine
Climate
Temperate
IUCN Status
LC
Max Length
50 cm
Trophic Level
3.4
Resilience
Low
Vulnerability
52.00/100
Salinity
30–40 ppt

🐟 Physical Description

Physical description for Banded stingaree is currently being compiled.

🌀 Behaviour

Behavioural data for Banded stingaree is currently being reviewed.

🦐 Diet

aquatic invertebrates
small fish
algae
detritus

🥚 Reproduction

Size at Maturity
31.5cm TL

🌍 Habitat & Distribution

Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range ? - 160 m . Temperate; 37°S - 44°S Indian Ocean: southern Australia.

🌿 Ecology

Zone Preferences
🌊 Marine 🌿 Brackish ⬇️ Benthic
Trophic Level
3.4±0.44
Food Items

crustaceans, mollusks, and worms (Ref

📐 Morphometrics

Length–Weight Relationship: W = 0.00813 × L3.08 (TL)
Max TL
50cm

🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance

Salinity Range
30–40ppt

🛡️ Conservation Assessment

IUCN Category
Least Concern
Assessment Date
2018

📊 Population Risk & Fisheries

Population Resilience
Low
Minimum doubling time
Fishing Vulnerability
52.00/100
Moderate-High vulnerability
Trophic Level
3.4
Predator
Climate Zone
Temperate
Described By
Lacepède, 1804

⚠️ Venom Profile

Medical Warning: This species is venomous. Seek immediate medical attention if envenomated. Contact emergency services and follow first aid guidance below.
Venom Type
proteinaceous neurotoxin
Delivery
dorsal, anal, and pelvic fin spines
Potency
Severe
Mortality Risk
Low
Symptom Onset
5min
Duration
24.0hrs
Antivenom
✗ Not Available
Named Toxins
high-molecular-weight protein (Stonustoxin analogue) acetylcholine
Symptoms
  • immediate intense pain
  • swelling
  • erythema
  • occasional nausea and weakness
Affected Body Systems
peripheral nervous system cardiovascular
First Aid
Immerse affected area in hot water (45 C, tolerable) for 30-90 minutes to denature toxin. Do not apply ice.
Medical Treatment

Analgesia; wound care; tetanus prophylaxis; severe cases may require monitoring for systemic effects.

References: Compiled from Bhide (2018), Halstead et al. (1988) and family-specific envenomation literature

🌐 Names & Taxonomy

Scientific Synonyms

Scientific Name Author Year Status
Raja cruciata Lacepède 1804 Synonym
Urolophus ephippiatus Richardson 1845 Synonym

🗺️ Global Occurrence Map

Occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) - 4 records indexed .

Occurrence density from GBIF View GBIF records ↗

👥 Community & Contribute

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