Mangrove whipray
📖 Overview
Found in mangrove areas, also over sand or sand and rubble in lagoons near reefs to depth of 85 m on the continental shelf . Feeds on small fishes, bottom dwelling crustaceans, and large infauna . Ovoviviparous , with histotrophy. Caught regularly, but in low numbers, by demersal tangle net and bottom trawl fisheries. Utilized for its meat, skin (high value) and cartilage.
🔬 Taxonomy
🐟 Physical Description
Has white spots and a white tail.: other.
🌀 Behaviour
Behavioural data for Mangrove whipray is currently being reviewed.
🦐 Diet
🥚 Reproduction
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures . Distinct pairing with embrace . Fully developed young, size at birth 28 cm.
🌍 Habitat & Distribution
Marine; brackish; reef-associated; depth range 1 - 85 m . Tropical; 26°N - 28°S, 44°E - 163°E West Pacific: Red Sea to Oceania, distribution considered patchy but probably widespread.
🌿 Ecology
small fishes, bottom dwelling crustaceans, and large infauna (Ref
📐 Morphometrics
🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance
🛡️ Conservation Assessment
📊 Population Risk & Fisheries
⚠️ Venom Profile
- intense pain
- laceration
- oedema
- retained spine fragments possible
Wound care, imaging for retained spine, tetanus prophylaxis, antibiotic prophylaxis for marine wounds.
References: Compiled from Bhide (2018), Halstead et al. (1988) and family-specific envenomation literature
🍽️ Edibility & Flavour
⚡ Nutrition
Detailed nutritional data for Mangrove whipray is currently being compiled from USDA FoodData Central.
🔬 Mercury Safety
Mercury data for Mangrove whipray has not yet been assigned. Please consult FDA/EPA guidance for general seafood safety advice.
🌿 Sustainability
🔬 Full Nutritional Profile
Per 100g - Raw, per 100g - Source: USDA FoodData Central templates (generic fish average)
📊 Population Dynamics
| Year | Region | Index | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
🔍 Similar Species
👥 Community & Contribute
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