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🌊 Marine Vulnerable 🍽️ Edible ⚠️ Venomous ⚡ Venomous 🌡️ Tropical

Black foxface

Siganus niger Woodland, 1990
Max Length
22 cm
Max Weight
-
Lifespan
-
Trophic Level
2
Depth
2–15 m
Climate
Tropical
Resilience
High
Vulnerability
16.00/100
Typical Length
-
Depth Zone
reef

📖 Overview

Prefers areas of staghorn or fire corals, or around rubble mounds composed of plate and staghorn corals. Subadults and adults in pairs, juveniles probably form schools. Feeds on seaweeds. Marketed fresh .

Scientific Name
Siganus niger
Authority
Woodland, 1990
Habitat
Marine
Climate
Tropical
Body Shape
Short and / or deep
IUCN Status
VU
Max Length
22 cm
Depth Range
2–15 m
Trophic Level
2
Resilience
High
Vulnerability
16.00/100
Salinity
30–40 ppt

🐟 Physical Description

Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 7; Anal soft rays: 9; Vertebrae: 23. Fish looks black apart from the bright yellow pectoral fins; `vertical' margin of soft portion of dorsal fin and trailing edge of caudal fin orange. Preopercular angle 110°-111°; strong overlapping scales cover cheeks; 8-12 rows deep below center of orbit. Fully scaled midline of thorax. A very short tube, slightly taller posteriorly supports the anterior nostril opening. Caudal fin slightly incised.: short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.

🌀 Behaviour

Behavioural data for Black foxface is currently being reviewed.

🦐 Diet

algae
aquatic plants
detritus

🥚 Reproduction

🐣 Oviparous 📦 Batch Spawner
Spawning Season
spring-summer
Spawn Location
Pelagic
Fertilization
External

🌍 Habitat & Distribution

Marine; reef-associated; depth range 2 - 15 m . Tropical Central Pacific: endemic to Tonga, common only in the northernmost island group, Vavau.

🌿 Ecology

Zone Preferences
🌊 Marine 🪸 Reef Associated
Trophic Level
2
🐠 Schooling
Food Items

seaweeds

📐 Morphometrics

Length–Weight Relationship: W = 0.01413 × L3.05 (TL)
Max TL
22cm
Dorsal Spines
13
Dorsal Rays
10
Anal Spines
7
Anal Rays
9
Vertebrae
23

🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance

Salinity Range
30–40ppt

🛡️ Conservation Assessment

IUCN Category
Vulnerable
Assessment Date
2015

📊 Population Risk & Fisheries

Population Resilience
High
Minimum doubling time
Fishing Vulnerability
16.00/100
Low vulnerability
Trophic Level
2
Omnivore / Planktivore
Body Shape
Short and / or deep
Climate Zone
Tropical
Described By
Woodland, 1990

⚠️ Venom Profile

Medical Warning: This species is venomous. Seek immediate medical attention if envenomated. Contact emergency services and follow first aid guidance below.
Venom Type
proteinaceous neurotoxin
Delivery
dorsal, anal, and pelvic fin spines
Potency
Severe
Mortality Risk
Low
Symptom Onset
5min
Duration
24.0hrs
Antivenom
✗ Not Available
Named Toxins
high-molecular-weight protein (Stonustoxin analogue) acetylcholine
Symptoms
  • immediate intense pain
  • swelling
  • erythema
  • occasional nausea and weakness
Affected Body Systems
peripheral nervous system cardiovascular
First Aid
Immerse affected area in hot water (45 C, tolerable) for 30-90 minutes to denature toxin. Do not apply ice.
Medical Treatment

Analgesia; wound care; tetanus prophylaxis; severe cases may require monitoring for systemic effects.

References: Compiled from Bhide (2018), Halstead et al. (1988) and family-specific envenomation literature

🍽️ Edibility & Flavour

⚡ Nutrition

Per 100g cooked - Source: USDA FoodData Central

Nutrient Amount
Protein 18.5 g
Omega-3 (total) 100 mg

🔬 Mercury Safety

Mercury data for Black foxface has not yet been assigned. Please consult FDA/EPA guidance for general seafood safety advice.

🌿 Sustainability

Best Choice
Healthy stocks, low impact
Good Alternative
Well-managed, minor concerns
Use Caution
Check sourcing and season
Avoid
Overfished or high impact

🔬 Full Nutritional Profile

Per 100g - Raw, per 100g - Source: USDA FoodData Central templates (generic fish average)

Proximate Composition
Energy125 kcal
Moisture75 %
Protein20 %
Total Fat4 %
Ash1.3 %
Fatty Acids (g)
Saturated Fat1 g
Monounsaturated Fat1.2 g
Polyunsaturated Fat1.5 g
Omega-3 Total1 g
EPA0.3 g
DHA0.5 g
Omega-6 Total0.3 g
Key Minerals & Vitamins
Calcium20 mg
Iron0.7 mg
Magnesium30 mg
Phosphorus220 mg
Potassium380 mg
Sodium55 mg
Zinc0.5 mg
Selenium32 µg
Vitamin B122 µg

📊 Population Dynamics

Year Region Index Notes
- - -

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