Indian halibut
📖 Overview
Found on sand and mud bottoms . Usually deeply burried in the substrate during the day, but out and hunting at night . Often swims in an upright position . Mainly piscivorous . Mainly sold fresh ; also utilized smoked and frozen . Processed into fish flour .
🔬 Taxonomy
🐟 Physical Description
Dorsal spines (total): 9 - 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 38 - 45; Anal spines: 1; Anal soft rays: 33 - 43; Vertebrae: 23 - 25. Body oval and flat, but thicker than in most other flatfishes. Mouth large with strong teeth; maxillary extends well beyond hind edge of lower eye; both eyes on left or right side; upper eye lying immediately below dorsal edge; gill rakers not developed. Dorsal fin origin well posterior to eyes; anterior fin rays spinous; lateral line almost straight. Color usually brown or grey, sometimes with 4 broad, dark crossbars. Dorsal, anal and caudal fin tips black. Blind side occasionally partially colored. (Other sources of morphological data: Refs. 591, 529, 4416, 5997 and 6000).: fusiform / normal; Cross section: flattened.
🌀 Behaviour
Behavioural data for Indian halibut is currently being reviewed.
🦐 Diet
🥚 Reproduction
Studies in Porto Novo, India show that the sex ratio significantly differ from 1:1, but the reports are ambiguous as to which sex predominates.
🌍 Habitat & Distribution
Marine; demersal; depth range 1 - 100 m , usually 20 - 50 m . Tropical; 26°N - 21°S, 43°E - 156°E West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Japan and Australia.
🌿 Ecology
📐 Morphometrics
🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance
🛡️ Conservation Assessment
📊 Population Risk & Fisheries
🍽️ Edibility & Flavour
"Indian halibut is an edible species."
- Clear, bright eyes — cloudy eyes indicate age
- Firm flesh that springs back when pressed
- Fresh ocean smell, never strong or ammonia-like
- Bright red or pink gills, not grey or brown
- Shiny, moist skin with scales tightly attached
- Cloudy or sunken eyes
- Strong fishy or ammonia odour
- Soft, mushy flesh that doesn't spring back
- Discoloured or dry flesh
⚡ Nutrition
Per 100g cooked - Source: USDA FoodData Central
| Nutrient | Amount |
|---|---|
| Protein | 18.4 g |
| Omega-3 (total) | 181 mg |
🔬 Mercury Safety
Mercury data for Indian halibut has not yet been assigned. Please consult FDA/EPA guidance for general seafood safety advice.
🌿 Sustainability
🔬 Full Nutritional Profile
Per 100g - Raw, per 100g - Source: USDA FoodData Central templates (generic fish average)
📊 Population Dynamics
| Year | Region | Index | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
🌐 Names & Taxonomy
| Language | Common Names |
|---|---|
| 🇬🇧English | Adalah · Australian Halibut · Indian halibut · Indian spiny turbot · Queensland halibut · Tropical Halibut · flounders |
| 🇸🇦Arabic | هلبوت أسترالي · هلبوت استوائي · هلبوت كوينزلاند · هلبوت هندي |
| 🌍CES | kambalovec indopacifický |
| 🇫🇷French | Turbot épineux indien |
| 🇯🇵Japanese | ボウズガレイ |
| 🌍MSA | Sisa nabi |
| 🇷🇺Russian | Индийский псеттод |
| 🌍SWA | Wayo |
| 🌍THA | ปลาจักรผาน |
| 🇨🇳Chinese | 咬龍狗 · 大口鰜 · 左口 · 扁魚 · 比目魚 · 皇帝魚 |
Scientific Synonyms
| Scientific Name | Author | Year | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hippoglossus dentex | Richardson | 1845 | Synonym |
| Hippoglossus erumei | Bloch & Schneider | 1801 | Synonym |
| Hippoglossus goniographicus | Richardson | 1846 | Synonym |
| Hippoglossus orthorhynchus | Richardson | 1846 | Synonym |
| Hippoglossus quadrifasciatus | Bleeker | 1870 | Synonym |
| Pleuronectes erumei | Bloch & Schneider | 1801 | Synonym |
| Pleuronectes nalaka | Cuvier | 1829 | Synonym |
| Psettotes erumei | Bloch & Schneider | 1801 | Synonym |
🗺️ Global Occurrence Map
Occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) - 40 records indexed .
👥 Community & Contribute
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