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🌊 Marine Least Concern 🍽️ Edible ⚠️ Venomous ⚡ Venomous 🌡️ Deep-water

Smooth stargazer

Kathetostoma averruncus Jordan & Bollman, 1890
Max Length
32 cm
Max Weight
-
Lifespan
-
Trophic Level
4.3
Depth
13–384 m
Climate
Deep-water
Resilience
Medium
Vulnerability
35.00/100
Typical Length
-
Depth Zone
deep-water

📖 Overview

Found on bottom. Feeds mainly on other fishes. Young are pelagic and eaten by large predatory fishes such as tunas. Spine above pectoral fin probably slightly venomous.

Scientific Name
Kathetostoma averruncus
Authority
Jordan & Bollman, 1890
Habitat
Marine
Climate
Deep-water
IUCN Status
LC
Max Length
32 cm
Depth Range
13–384 m
Trophic Level
4.3
Resilience
Medium
Vulnerability
35.00/100
Salinity
30–40 ppt

🐟 Physical Description

Physical description for Smooth stargazer is currently being compiled.

🌀 Behaviour

Behavioural data for Smooth stargazer is currently being reviewed.

🦐 Diet

small fish
crustaceans
cephalopods

🥚 Reproduction

🐣 Oviparous 📦 Batch Spawner
Spawning Season
spring-summer
Spawn Location
Pelagic
Fertilization
External

🌍 Habitat & Distribution

Marine; bathydemersal; depth range 13 - 384 m . Deep-water; 36°N - north of central Baja California, Mexico (Ref.

🌿 Ecology

Zone Preferences
🌊 Marine 🌑 Deep Water
Trophic Level
4.3±0.71
Food Items

other fishes

📐 Morphometrics

Length–Weight Relationship: W = 0.01698 × L3.08 (TL)
Max TL
32cm

🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance

Salinity Range
30–40ppt

🛡️ Conservation Assessment

IUCN Category
Least Concern
Assessment Date
2008

📊 Population Risk & Fisheries

Population Resilience
Medium
Minimum doubling time
Fishing Vulnerability
35.00/100
Low vulnerability
Trophic Level
4.3
Apex / Top predator
Climate Zone
Deep-water
Described By
Jordan & Bollman, 1890

⚠️ Venom Profile

Medical Warning: This species is venomous. Seek immediate medical attention if envenomated. Contact emergency services and follow first aid guidance below.
Venom Type
proteinaceous neurotoxin
Delivery
dorsal, anal, and pelvic fin spines
Potency
Severe
Mortality Risk
Low
Symptom Onset
5min
Duration
24.0hrs
Antivenom
✗ Not Available
Named Toxins
high-molecular-weight protein (Stonustoxin analogue) acetylcholine
Symptoms
  • immediate intense pain
  • swelling
  • erythema
  • occasional nausea and weakness
Affected Body Systems
peripheral nervous system cardiovascular
First Aid
Immerse affected area in hot water (45 C, tolerable) for 30-90 minutes to denature toxin. Do not apply ice.
Medical Treatment

Analgesia; wound care; tetanus prophylaxis; severe cases may require monitoring for systemic effects.

References: Compiled from Bhide (2018), Halstead et al. (1988) and family-specific envenomation literature

🍽️ Edibility & Flavour

"Smooth stargazer is an edible species."

✗ Not for Raw
✓ Fresh Indicators
  • Clear, bright eyes — cloudy eyes indicate age
  • Firm flesh that springs back when pressed
  • Fresh ocean smell, never strong or ammonia-like
  • Bright red or pink gills, not grey or brown
  • Shiny, moist skin with scales tightly attached
✗ Avoid If
  • Cloudy or sunken eyes
  • Strong fishy or ammonia odour
  • Soft, mushy flesh that doesn't spring back
  • Discoloured or dry flesh
Best Cooking Methods
Baking Grilling Pan-frying

⚡ Nutrition

Detailed nutritional data for Smooth stargazer is currently being compiled from USDA FoodData Central.

🔬 Mercury Safety

Mercury data for Smooth stargazer has not yet been assigned. Please consult FDA/EPA guidance for general seafood safety advice.

🌿 Sustainability

Best Choice
Healthy stocks, low impact
Good Alternative
Well-managed, minor concerns
Use Caution
Check sourcing and season
Avoid
Overfished or high impact
✓ Sustainable Choice

🔬 Full Nutritional Profile

Per 100g - Raw, per 100g - Source: USDA FoodData Central templates (generic fish average)

Proximate Composition
Energy125 kcal
Moisture75 %
Protein20 %
Total Fat4 %
Ash1.3 %
Fatty Acids (g)
Saturated Fat1 g
Monounsaturated Fat1.2 g
Polyunsaturated Fat1.5 g
Omega-3 Total1 g
EPA0.3 g
DHA0.5 g
Omega-6 Total0.3 g
Key Minerals & Vitamins
Calcium20 mg
Iron0.7 mg
Magnesium30 mg
Phosphorus220 mg
Potassium380 mg
Sodium55 mg
Zinc0.5 mg
Selenium32 µg
Vitamin B122 µg

📊 Population Dynamics

Year Region Index Notes
- - -

🌐 Names & Taxonomy

Language Common Names
🇬🇧English smooth stargazer
🇫🇷French Uranoscope Bouledogue
🇯🇵Japanese ハダカミシマ
🇷🇺Russian Восточнотихоокеанская катетостома
🇪🇸Spanish Buldog · miracielo buldog · Miracielo Bulldog · Miracielo Sapo

Scientific Synonyms

Scientific Name Author Year Status
Kathetostoma ornatus Wade 1946 Synonym

🗺️ Global Occurrence Map

Occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) - 22 records indexed .

Occurrence density from GBIF View GBIF records ↗

👥 Community & Contribute

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