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🌊 Marine Near Threatened 🍽️ Edible 🌡️ Temperate

Willowy flounder

Glyptocephalus kitaharae Jordan & Starks, 1904
Max Length
30 cm
Max Weight
-
Lifespan
-
Trophic Level
3.2
Depth
100–200 m
Climate
Temperate
Resilience
Low
Vulnerability
46.00/100
Typical Length
-
Depth Zone
demersal

📖 Overview

Willowy flounder (Glyptocephalus kitaharae), first described by Jordan & Starks, 1904 is a medium-sized fish in the family Pleuronectidae (order Pleuronectiformes). Adults typically reach 30.00 cm in maximum length. It inhabits marine coastal and open-ocean environments. Recorded depth range: 100 to 200 metres. It occurs in Temperate waters. It is broadly omnivorous, taking invertebrates, plant matter, and detritus. On the IUCN Red List, it is classified as Near Threatened.The species is important as a food fish and considered a sustainable seafood option under current management. As a member of the Pleuronectidae, it shares life-history and morphological traits with its relatives in the group.

Scientific Name
Glyptocephalus kitaharae
Authority
Jordan & Starks, 1904
Habitat
Marine
Climate
Temperate
Body Shape
Fusiform / normal
IUCN Status
NT
Max Length
30 cm
Depth Range
100–200 m
Trophic Level
3.2
Resilience
Low
Vulnerability
46.00/100
Salinity
30–40 ppt

🐟 Physical Description

: fusiform / normal.

🌀 Behaviour

Behavioural data for Willowy flounder is currently being reviewed.

🦐 Diet

aquatic invertebrates
small fish
algae
detritus

🥚 Reproduction

🐣 Oviparous 📦 Batch Spawner
Spawning Season
spring-summer
Spawn Location
Pelagic
Fertilization
External

🌍 Habitat & Distribution

Marine; demersal; depth range 100 - 200 m . Temperate Northwest Pacific: Southern Hokkaido, Japan to the Yellow Sea, Gulf of Bo Hai, East China Sea and Taiwan.

🌿 Ecology

Zone Preferences
🌊 Marine ⬇️ Benthic
Trophic Level
3.2±0.2

📐 Morphometrics

Length–Weight Relationship: W = 0.01047 × L3.02 (TL)
Max TL
30cm

🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance

Salinity Range
30–40ppt

🛡️ Conservation Assessment

IUCN Category
Near Threatened
Assessment Date
2021

📊 Population Risk & Fisheries

Population Resilience
Low
Minimum doubling time
Fishing Vulnerability
46.00/100
Moderate-High vulnerability
Trophic Level
3.2
Predator
Body Shape
Fusiform / normal
Climate Zone
Temperate
Described By
Jordan & Starks, 1904

🍽️ Edibility & Flavour

"Glyptocephalus Kitaharae is an edible species."

✗ Not for Raw
✓ Fresh Indicators
  • Clear, bright eyes — cloudy eyes indicate age
  • Firm flesh that springs back when pressed
  • Fresh ocean smell, never strong or ammonia-like
  • Bright red or pink gills, not grey or brown
  • Shiny, moist skin with scales tightly attached
✗ Avoid If
  • Cloudy or sunken eyes
  • Strong fishy or ammonia odour
  • Soft, mushy flesh that doesn't spring back
  • Discoloured or dry flesh
Best Cooking Methods
Baking Grilling Pan-frying

⚡ Nutrition

Detailed nutritional data for Willowy flounder is currently being compiled from USDA FoodData Central.

🔬 Mercury Safety

Mercury data for Willowy flounder has not yet been assigned. Please consult FDA/EPA guidance for general seafood safety advice.

🌿 Sustainability

Best Choice
Healthy stocks, low impact
Good Alternative
Well-managed, minor concerns
Use Caution
Check sourcing and season
Avoid
Overfished or high impact
✓ Sustainable Choice

🔬 Full Nutritional Profile

Per 100g - Raw, per 100g - Source: USDA FoodData Central templates (lean white fish average)

Proximate Composition
Energy90 kcal
Moisture80 %
Protein18 %
Total Fat1.2 %
Ash1.2 %
Fatty Acids (g)
Saturated Fat0.3 g
Monounsaturated Fat0.2 g
Polyunsaturated Fat0.4 g
Omega-3 Total0.3 g
EPA0.08 g
DHA0.15 g
Omega-6 Total0.05 g
Key Minerals & Vitamins
Calcium18 mg
Iron0.4 mg
Magnesium30 mg
Phosphorus200 mg
Potassium380 mg
Sodium60 mg
Zinc0.4 mg
Selenium30 µg
Vitamin B60.3 mg
Vitamin B121 µg

📊 Population Dynamics

Year Region Index Notes
- - -

👥 Community & Contribute

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