Quick Definition
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora; an international treaty regulating commercial trade in threatened species.
📖 Full Definition
CITES (pronounced "SIGH-teez") is an international agreement between 183 countries that regulates trade in specimens of wild animals and plants to ensure it does not threaten their survival. Species are listed on three Appendices: Appendix I (trade prohibited except in exceptional circumstances), Appendix II (trade allowed with permits and monitoring), Appendix III (unilateral request by one country for assistance). CITES listings for fish have been controversial — several shark species, seahorses, and sturgeons are listed on Appendix II. CITES does not directly regulate fishing, only trade.
💡 Examples & Context
All eight species of sturgeons are listed on CITES Appendix II, requiring trade permits for their caviar. Despite this, illegal caviar trade continues to threaten wild populations.