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🌊 Marine Endangered ⚡ Other 🌡️ Tropical

Panther electric ray

Torpedo panthera Olfers, 1831
Max Length
100 cm
Max Weight
Lifespan
Trophic Level
4.6
Depth
1–350 m
Climate
Tropical
Resilience
Very low
Vulnerability
68.00/100
Typical Length
Depth Zone
demersal

📖 Overview

Found on coral reefs; as well as mud or sandy bottoms, from shallow water to a depth of 100 m. Mainly feeds on invertebrates and small reef fishes . Ovoviviparous . Males reaches maturity at 28 cm TL .

Scientific Name
Torpedo panthera
Authority
Olfers, 1831
Habitat
Marine
Climate
Tropical
Body Shape
Other
IUCN Status
EN
Max Length
100 cm
Depth Range
1–350 m
Trophic Level
4.6
Resilience
Very low
Vulnerability
68.00/100
Salinity
30–40 ppt

🐟 Physical Description

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Anal spines: 0; Vertebrae: 98 - 102. Disc-width shorter than its length, width and length about 1,60 to 1,80 times in total length; dorsal fins more or less rounded, its base 1,25 times in its length .: other; Cross section: flattened.

🌀 Behaviour

Behavioural data for Panther electric ray is currently being reviewed.

🦐 Diet

Diet information for Panther electric ray is currently being compiled.

🥚 Reproduction

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures .

🌍 Habitat & Distribution

Marine; demersal; depth range 1 - 350 m . Tropical; 30°N - 11°N, 34°E - 85°E Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf (Ref.

🌿 Ecology

Zone Preferences
🌊 Marine ⬇️ Benthic
Trophic Level
4.6±0.8
Food Items

invertebrates and small reef fishes (Ref

📐 Morphometrics

Length–Weight Relationship: W = 0.01479 × L2.97 (TL)
Max TL
100cm
Vertebrae
100

🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance

Salinity Range
30–40ppt

🛡️ Conservation Assessment

IUCN Category
Endangered
Assessment Date
2022

📊 Population Risk & Fisheries

Population Resilience
Very low
Minimum doubling time
Fishing Vulnerability
68.00/100
High vulnerability
Trophic Level
4.6
Apex / Top predator
Body Shape
Other
Climate Zone
Tropical
Described By
Olfers, 1831

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