South American freshwater stingray
📖 Overview
Found in freshwater rivers. It is an extremely dangerous species. Maximum length reported in Axelrod et al., 1991 is 100 cm TL.
🔬 Taxonomy
🐟 Physical Description
Physical description for South American freshwater stingray is currently being compiled.
🌀 Behaviour
Behavioural data for South American freshwater stingray is currently being reviewed.
🦐 Diet
🥚 Reproduction
16 pups were born by one female in captivity .
🌍 Habitat & Distribution
Freshwater; benthopelagic; pH range: 5.0 - 6.0; dH range: 10 - ?; potamodromous . Tropical; 24°C - 26°C South America: Uruguay, Paraná-Paraguay, Orinoco, and Amazon River basins.
🌿 Ecology
📐 Morphometrics
🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance
🛡️ Conservation Assessment
📊 Population Risk & Fisheries
⚠️ Venom Profile
- immediate intense pain
- swelling
- erythema
- occasional nausea and weakness
Analgesia; wound care; tetanus prophylaxis; severe cases may require monitoring for systemic effects.
References: Compiled from Bhide (2018), Halstead et al. (1988) and family-specific envenomation literature
🎣 Angling Guide
- medium-heavy 7ft spinning rod
- 30-50 lb braid
- fluorocarbon leader
- grass flats
- oyster bars
- marsh drains
- deeper channel edges
Use barbless hooks, minimise air exposure, and revive fish head-first in current before release.
⚠️ Slot limits protect breeding-size fish. Verify daily bag limits.
📊 Population Dynamics
| Year | Region | Index | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
🔍 Similar Species
🗺️ Global Occurrence Map
Occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) - 14 records indexed .
👥 Community & Contribute
No observations yet - be the first to log one!
View all observations for South American freshwater stingray ↗Spotted incorrect or outdated data? Submit a correction and our editorial team will review it. Approved edits go live within 48 hours.
Found a factual error, broken data, or inappropriate content? Let us know and we will investigate promptly.