Dorsal spines (total): 3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9 - 10; Anal spines: 1; Anal soft rays: 7 - 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: spinulated posterior and lower margins of the praeoperculum with the angular part of the praeoperculum having a non-spinulated notch; insertion of the ventral fins at the level of the vertical of the posterior margin of the pectoral fin insertion, or sometimes slightly shifted anteriad in small specimens; upper jaw extends beyond the vertical of the posterior eye margin; possess the smallest eyes among other species of the genus, 10.7-17.2 times in HL; soft rays on dorsal fin 9-10, in anal fin 7-8; first branchial arch with 23-25 rakers; vertebrae 24-25; pyloric caeca 7 .: fusiform / normal.
🌀 Behaviour
Behavioural data for Yawning is currently being
reviewed.
🦐 Diet
aquatic invertebrates
small fish
algae
detritus
🥚 Reproduction
🐣 Oviparous📦 Batch Spawner
Spawning Season
spring-summer
Spawn Location
Pelagic
Fertilization
External
🌍 Habitat & Distribution
Marine; bathypelagic; depth range 645 - 5320 m . Deep-water; 45°N - 49°S, 79°E - 109°W
MexicoNew Zealand
🌿 Ecology
Zone Preferences
🌊 Marine🌑 Deep Water
Trophic Level
3.3±0.3
📐 Morphometrics
Length–Weight Relationship:
W = 0.01096 × L3.1
(TL)
Max TL
8.2cm
Dorsal Spines
3
Dorsal Rays
10
Anal Spines
1
Anal Rays
8
🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance
Salinity Range
30–40ppt
🛡️ Conservation Assessment
IUCN Category
Least Concern
Assessment Date
2019
📊 Population Risk & Fisheries
Population Resilience
Medium
Minimum doubling time
Fishing Vulnerability
43.00/100
Moderate vulnerability
Trophic Level
3.3
Predator
Body Shape
Fusiform / normal
Climate Zone
Deep-water
Latitude Range
45°N
–
49°S
Described By
Ebeling, 1975
🌐 Names & Taxonomy
Language
Common Names
🇬🇧English
Listless Melamphid Fish · Tiny-eye Bigscale · Yawning
🌍CES
velkošupinatka indonéská
🇯🇵Japanese
Chihirokabutoo · チヒロカブトウオ
🇷🇺Russian
Зевающая поромитра
🇨🇳Chinese
孔頭鯛 · 小眼犀孔鯛
📚 Scientific References
13
publications cited
General
Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (Editors)
(2024).
FishBase.
World Wide Web electronic publication.
FishBase Consortium.
Link
↗
Conservation
IUCN
(2024).
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Version 2024-1.
International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Link
↗
Taxonomy
GBIF Secretariat
(2024).
GBIF Backbone Taxonomy.
Checklist dataset.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility.
DOI ↗
Nutrition
USDA Agricultural Research Service
(2024).
FoodData Central.
USDA National Nutrient Database.
United States Department of Agriculture.
Link
↗
Fishery
NOAA Fisheries
(2024).
FishWatch: U.S. Seafood Facts.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Link
↗
Monterey Bay Aquarium
(2024).
Seafood Watch Recommendations.
Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation.
Link
↗
Aquaculture
FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department
(2024).
The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Link
↗
Distribution
Kaschner, K., Kesner-Reyes, K., Garilao, C., Segschneider, J., Rius-Barile, J., Rees, T., Froese, R.
(2024).
AquaMaps: Predicted range maps for aquatic species.
AquaMaps.
Link
↗
Ecology
Nelson, J.S., Grande, T.C., Wilson, M.V.H.
(2016).
Fishes of the World.
5th edition.
John Wiley & Sons.
Behavior
Helfman, G.S., Collette, B.B., Facey, D.E., Bowen, B.W.
(2009).
The Diversity of Fishes: Biology, Evolution, and Ecology.
2nd edition.
Wiley-Blackwell.
Morphology
Froese, R.
(2006).
Cube law, condition factor and weight-length relationships: history, meta-analysis and recommendations.
Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 22(4), 241-253.
DOI ↗
Toxicology
Halstead, B.W., Auerbach, P.S., Campbell, D.
(1988).
A Colour Atlas of Dangerous Marine Animals.
Wolfe Medical Publications.
Wolfe Medical.
Reproduction
Balon, E.K.
(1975).
Reproductive Guilds of Fishes: A Proposal and Definition.
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 32(6), 821-864.