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💧 Freshwater Least Concern ⚠️ Venomous ⚡ Traumatogenic 🌡️ Tropical

Paragenidens Grandoculis

Paragenidens grandoculis Steindachner, 1877
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Max Length
35 cm
Max Weight
-
Lifespan
-
Trophic Level
3.6
Depth
-
Climate
Tropical
Resilience
Medium
Vulnerability
38.00/100
Typical Length
-
Depth Zone
-

📖 Overview

Paragenidens Grandoculis (Paragenidens grandoculis), first described by Steindachner, 1877 is a medium-sized fish. Adults typically reach 35.00 cm in maximum length. It inhabits freshwater systems including rivers, streams, and lakes. It occurs in Tropical waters. It feeds on a mix of small fish and invertebrates as a mid-level predator. On the IUCN Red List, it is classified as Least Concern.The species is venomous and potentially dangerous to handle.

Scientific Name
Paragenidens grandoculis
Authority
Steindachner, 1877
Habitat
Freshwater
Climate
Tropical
IUCN Status
LC
Max Length
35 cm
Trophic Level
3.6
Resilience
Medium
Vulnerability
38.00/100

🔬 Taxonomy

Genus
Paragenidens
Paragenidens
Species
Paragenidens Grandoculis
Paragenidens grandoculis

🐟 Physical Description

Physical description for Paragenidens Grandoculis is currently being compiled.

🌀 Behaviour

Behavioural data for Paragenidens Grandoculis is currently being reviewed.

🦐 Diet

aquatic invertebrates
small fish
algae
detritus

🥚 Reproduction

🐣 Oviparous
Spawning Season
spring
Spawn Location
Substrate
Fertilization
External

🌍 Habitat & Distribution

Freshwater; brackish; benthopelagic. Tropical South America: Doce and Paraíba do Sul rivers, at and near their mouths in Brazil.

🌿 Ecology

Zone Preferences
💧 Freshwater 🌿 Brackish
Trophic Level
3.6±0.4

📐 Morphometrics

Length–Weight Relationship: W = 0.00468 × L3.13 (TL)
Max TL
35cm

🛡️ Conservation Assessment

IUCN Category
Least Concern
Assessment Date
2020

📊 Population Risk & Fisheries

Population Resilience
Medium
Minimum doubling time
Fishing Vulnerability
38.00/100
Moderate vulnerability
Trophic Level
3.6
Predator
Climate Zone
Tropical
Described By
Steindachner, 1877

⚠️ Venom Profile

Medical Warning: This species is venomous. Seek immediate medical attention if envenomated. Contact emergency services and follow first aid guidance below.
Venom Type
proteinaceous neurotoxin
Delivery
dorsal, anal, and pelvic fin spines
Potency
Severe
Mortality Risk
Low
Symptom Onset
5min
Duration
24.0hrs
Antivenom
✗ Not Available
Named Toxins
high-molecular-weight protein (Stonustoxin analogue) acetylcholine
Symptoms
  • immediate intense pain
  • swelling
  • erythema
  • occasional nausea and weakness
Affected Body Systems
peripheral nervous system cardiovascular
First Aid
Immerse affected area in hot water (45 C, tolerable) for 30-90 minutes to denature toxin. Do not apply ice.
Medical Treatment

Analgesia; wound care; tetanus prophylaxis; severe cases may require monitoring for systemic effects.

References: Compiled from Bhide (2018), Halstead et al. (1988) and family-specific envenomation literature

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