Occurs in a quite shallow (about 0.40-1.0 m deep), temporary pool about 60 meters long and 10 meters wide, with clear water and litter at the bottom .
Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 12; Anal soft rays: 18 - 19; Vertebrae: 26. Papiliolebias francescae is distinguished from all congeners by the following unique characters: pointed dorsal and anal fins in males (vs. rounded); oblique, chevron-shaped, blue-gray and dark red stripes in close proximity on flanks of males (vs. never a similar color pattern); proximal half dorsal and anal fin whitish with broad dark red elongated spots (vs. proximal portion black with white spots); two or three transverse rows of dark red spots on caudal fin (vs. never a similar color pattern); pupil with anterior pointed extension (vs. rounded pupil) .: fusiform / normal.
Behavioural data for Papiliolebias Francescae is currently being reviewed.
Freshwater; benthopelagic. Tropical South America: seasonal pools in the Rio San Pablo drainage, Rio Madeira basin in Bolivia.
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