Armour croaker

📖 Overview

Armour croaker (Panna perarmata), first described by Chabanaud, 1926 is a large fish in the family Sciaenidae (order Perciformes). Adults typically reach 50.00 cm in maximum length. It inhabits marine coastal and open-ocean environments. It occurs in Tropical waters. It feeds on a mix of small fish and invertebrates as a mid-level predator. On the IUCN Red List, it is classified as Data Deficient.

🔬 Taxonomy

🐟 Physical Description

Dorsal spines (total): 6 - 7; Dorsal soft rays (total): 42 - 44; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 7 - 8; Vertebrae: 12 - 25. Elongate, cylindrical body. Eye small, 14-24 % of head length. Mental pores in 2 pairs, the first small, rounded, at front of chin, separated by symphysis. Gill rakers long, slender, equal to or slightly longer than gill filaments at angle of arch, 12-14 on lower limb. Dorsal fin with VI to VII spines and 42-44 soft rays, not incised between the two parts. Second anal spine long, stiff, 37-46 % of head length; the last dorsal, second anal, pectoral and pelvic spines progressively thicker with age or size. Scales cycloid (smooth) on head, ctenoid (rough to touch) on body. Swim bladder carrot-shaped, with 1 pair of tube-like appendages arising at the anterior end and immediately dividing into an anterior branch entering the head and ramifying under skull and a posterior tube lying beside the main bladder to its posterior end.

🌀 Behaviour

Behavioural data for Armour croaker is currently being reviewed.

🦐 Diet

🥚 Reproduction

🌍 Habitat & Distribution

Marine; brackish; benthopelagic. Tropical Central Pacific: Viet Nam, Thailand and Borneo.

🌿 Ecology

📐 Morphometrics

🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance

🛡️ Conservation Assessment

📊 Population Risk & Fisheries

🐠 Related Species

🔍 Similar Species

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