This species inhabits streams with low depth (< 1 m), rapid flow and crystal-clear waters. The area is further characterized by a substate mainly composed of pebbles and cobbles and a surrounding riparian vegetation .
Dorsal soft rays (total): 7. This species is distinguished from its congeners by the following set of characters: exposed area of first plates of mid-ventral and ventral series narrower than the naked areas surrounding each plate; sexual dimorphism in dentition, with males having more robust and fewer teeth compared to females; lateronasal plate present; keels along the lateral series of plates absent; preadipose azygous plates absent; two posteronasal plates; females with 24-33, modally 26 premaxillary and 22-31, modally 26 dentary teeth; extra canal-bearing plate located between supraopercle and dorsal opening of the preopercular canal; transverse light bars over body; plates of the lateral series bearing odontodes roughly equal in size, making caudal peduncle surface smooth and rounded in cross-section; reduced adipose fin, extending over three or four plates, usually three; presence of a lateronasal plate; nare length 9.9-14.1% .: elongated; Cross section: flattened.
Behavioural data for Neoplecostomus Sapucai is currently being reviewed.
Diet information for Neoplecostomus Sapucai is currently being compiled.
Reproduction data for Neoplecostomus Sapucai is currently being compiled.
Freshwater; demersal. Tropical South America: Brazil.
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