Always occurs in shallow temporary pools, about 30-50 cm deep, formed during the rainy season, usually between March and May, and between October and December. These pools were in open vegetation area
Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 18; Anal soft rays: 20 - 24; Vertebrae: 31 - 32. This species is similar to Nematolebias papilliferus and distinguished from N. whitei by having long narrow golden lines on the distal portion of the dorsal fin in males (vs. dots). It differs from N. papilliferus by its distinct row of small iridescent spots on the distal margin of the caudal fin in males (vs. row absent); and from both N. papilliferus and N. whitei by its pelvic-fin bases medially separated by a small interspace (vs. in contact) .
Behavioural data for Nematolebias Catimbau is currently being reviewed.
Freshwater; benthopelagic. Tropical South America: Catimbau river floodplain, Saquarema lagoon system in Brazil.
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