Occurs in sandy bottom fast running water stream, with about 7 m width, 1 m depth and pale brown and turbid water. Found under marginal vegetation .
Vertebrae: 33. Distinguished by having the following unique combination of characters: dorsal, anal and pelvic fins with elongated branched rays; two rows of premaxillary teeth in adults, and an almost complete row of teeth along the free ventral maxillary border. Differs from its unique congener, Nematocharax venustus, by having the following characters: absence of hooks or spinules on dorsal and pelvic-fins (vs. presence); five anal-fin rays with spinules (vs. more than seven rays); presence of a long dark pink horizontal mark on the caudal peduncle (vs. absence); five supraneurals (vs. four or fewer); pelvic-fin filament yellow (vs. pale rosy) . : short and / or deep.
Behavioural data for Nematocharax Costai is currently being reviewed.
Diet information for Nematocharax Costai is currently being compiled.
Reproduction data for Nematocharax Costai is currently being compiled.
Freshwater; benthopelagic. Tropical South America: Cambiriba Stream, Balneário Guaíra, middle Contas River basin in northeastern Brazil.
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