📖 Overview
Adults occur usually over mud and sandy mud bottoms in coastal waters and in estuaries where the nursery and feeding grounds are located. They feed mainly on worms, crustaceans and fishes. An excellent foodfish. Sold fresh and frozen; eaten fried, broiled, microwaved and baked .
Scientific Name
Micropogonias undulatus
Body Shape
Fusiform / normal
🐟 Physical Description
: fusiform / normal.
🌀 Behaviour
Behavioural data for Atlantic croaker is currently being
reviewed.
🦐 Diet
small fish
crustaceans
cephalopods
🥚 Reproduction
🐣 Oviparous
📦 Batch Spawner
Spawning Season
spring-summer
🌍 Habitat & Distribution
Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range ? - 100 m. Subtropical; 43°N - 37°S
🌍 Native Range
3 countries
France
Mexico
Sweden
🔄 Introduced / Present
6 countries
Belgium
China
Denmark
Netherlands
Norway
United Kingdom
🌿 Ecology
Zone Preferences
🌊 Marine
🌿 Brackish
⬇️ Benthic
Food Items
worms, crustaceans and fishes
📐 Morphometrics
Length–Weight Relationship:
W = 0.00871 × L3.08
(TL)
🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance
🛡️ Conservation Assessment
IUCN Category
Least Concern
📊 Population Risk & Fisheries
Population Resilience
Medium
Minimum doubling time
Fishing Vulnerability
38.00/100
Moderate vulnerability
Trophic Level
4
Apex / Top predator
Body Shape
Fusiform / normal
Latitude Range
43°N
–
37°S
Described By
Linnaeus, 1766
🎣 Angling Guide
Fight Rating
strong pulls with head-shakes
Best Seasons
spring,summer,fall
Best Time
incoming tide, dawn and dusk
Rod Type
medium-heavy spinning
Catch & Release
✓ Recommended
Best Months
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Techniques
bottom fishing
popping cork
soft plastics
live bait
Bait & Lures
live shrimp
cut mullet
soft plastic paddle-tails
popping corks
Recommended Tackle
medium-heavy 7ft spinning rod
30-50 lb braid
fluorocarbon leader
Where to Find Them
grass flats
oyster bars
marsh drains
deeper channel edges
Tips & Tricks
Popping cork technique attracts fish from distance. Fish moving tides.
Catch & Release Tips
Use barbless hooks, minimise air exposure, and revive fish head-first in current before release.
Regulations Summary
⚠️
Slot limits protect breeding-size fish. Verify daily bag limits.
🍽️ Edibility & Flavour
"Atlantic croaker is an edible species."
✗ Not for Raw
✓ Fresh Indicators
Clear, bright eyes — cloudy eyes indicate age Firm flesh that springs back when pressed Fresh ocean smell, never strong or ammonia-like Bright red or pink gills, not grey or brown Shiny, moist skin with scales tightly attached
✗ Avoid If
Cloudy or sunken eyes Strong fishy or ammonia odour Soft, mushy flesh that doesn't spring back Discoloured or dry flesh
Best Cooking Methods
Baking
Grilling
Pan-frying
⚡ Nutrition
Per 100g cooked - Source: USDA FoodData Central
Nutrient
Amount
Protein
20.1 g
Omega-3 (total)
303 mg
🔬 Mercury Safety
Mercury data for Atlantic croaker has not yet been
assigned. Please consult FDA/EPA guidance for general seafood safety advice.
🌿 Sustainability
Best Choice
Healthy stocks, low impact
Good Alternative
Well-managed, minor concerns
Use Caution
Check sourcing and season
Avoid
Overfished or high impact
✓ Sustainable Choice
🔬 Full Nutritional Profile
Per 100g - Raw, per 100g
- Source: USDA FoodData Central templates (lean white fish average)
Proximate Composition
Energy 90 kcal
Moisture 80 %
Protein 18 %
Total Fat 1.2 %
Ash 1.2 %
Fatty Acids (g)
Saturated Fat 0.3 g
Monounsaturated Fat 0.2 g
Polyunsaturated Fat 0.4 g
Omega-3 Total 0.3 g
EPA 0.08 g
DHA 0.15 g
Omega-6 Total 0.05 g
Key Minerals & Vitamins
Calcium 18 mg
Iron 0.4 mg
Magnesium 30 mg
Phosphorus 200 mg
Potassium 380 mg
Sodium 60 mg
Zinc 0.4 mg
Selenium 30 µg
Vitamin B6 0.3 mg
Vitamin B12 1 µg
📊 Population Dynamics
Year
Region
Index
Notes
-
-
-
🌐 Names & Taxonomy
Scientific Synonyms
Scientific Name
Author
Year
Status
Bodianus costatus
Mitchill
1815
Synonym
Micropogon lineatus
Cuvier
1830
Synonym
Micropogon undulatus
Linnaeus
1766
Synonym
Perca undulata
Linnaeus
1766
Synonym
Sciaena croker
Lacepède
1802
Synonym
🗺️ Global Occurrence Map
Occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) - 208 records indexed
.