Inhabits creeks and small rivers flowing through primary rainforest and second growth forest and gardens, as well as tree-lined creeks in relatively open savannah. Syntopic with either Melanotaenia albimarginata, M. aruensis, or M. patoti as well as other fishes such as Craterocephalus, Mogurnda, Glossamia, and Glossogobius .
Dorsal spines (total): 4 - 6; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11 - 15; Anal spines: 1; Anal soft rays: 20 - 23. Melanotaenia senckenbergianus is distinguished by the following combination of characters: IV-VI-I,11-15 (usually VVI- I,12-13) dorsal-fin rays; I,20-23 (rarely 23) anal-fin rays; 13-15 (usually 14) pectoral-fin rays; 34-36 scales on lateral line; 16-19 (rarely 19) predorsal scales; 15-24 (average 19.6) cheek scales; 17-18 total gill rakers on first arch; greatest body depth of adult male 35.9 % SL; color in life generally greenish brown dorsally, grading to silvery white to pale yellow ventrally with midlateral, dark blue stripe, 1-2 scale rows wide, extending from rear margin of eye to caudalfin base, usually faint or interrupted on middle of side; operculum with prominent red spot, smaller than pupil .: fusiform / normal.
Behavioural data for Senckenberg rainbowfish is currently being reviewed.
Freshwater; benthopelagic. Tropical
The following diseases are known to affect Senckenberg rainbowfish.
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