Matilebias Paucisquama (Matilebias paucisquama), first described by Ferrer dos Santos, Malabarba & Costa, 2008 is a tiny fish. Adults typically reach 3.40 cm in maximum length. It inhabits freshwater systems including rivers, streams, and lakes. It occurs in Tropical waters. It is broadly omnivorous, taking invertebrates, plant matter, and detritus. On the IUCN Red List, it is classified as Vulnerable.
Vertebrae: 28 - 30. Distinguished from its congeners except from those of the Austrolebias alexandri species-group by the dark gray pectoral fins combined with the bright blue iridescence in males. Differs from other species of the Austrolebias alexandri species-group by fewer scales around caudal peduncle (12 vs. 16 or more) and the fewer dorsal-fin rays in males (17-21 vs. 20 or more ). Can be differentiated from all other species of the genus by the absence of contact organs on the inner surface of the pectoral fin in males and the color pattern of females - ground color light brownish, sides of body with a variable number of relatively large dark black spots distributed mostly on posterior portion of body . : elongated.
Behavioural data for Matilebias Paucisquama is currently being reviewed.
Freshwater; benthopelagic. Tropical South America: known only from the type locality, a temporary pool in the rio Vacacaí drainage, rio Jacuí tributary, laguna dos Patos drainage in Brazil.
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