New 🐟 Mercury Safety Guide & Omega-3 Rankings Updated for 2026. View Omega-3 Rankings →

🌊 Marine 🌡️ Temperate

Pikehead hardyhead

Kestratherina esox Klunzinger, 1872
Max Length
15 cm
Max Weight
-
Lifespan
-
Trophic Level
4.1
Depth
-
Climate
Temperate
Resilience
Medium
Vulnerability
31.00/100
Typical Length
-
Depth Zone
pelagic

📖 Overview

Pikehead hardyhead (Kestratherina esox) is a ray-finned fish of the family Atherinidae. It inhabits marine (saltwater) waters in pelagic environments. This species can reach a maximum total length of 15 cm. With a trophic level of 4.1, it is a mid-level predator.

Scientific Name
Kestratherina esox
Authority
Klunzinger, 1872
Habitat
Marine
Climate
Temperate
Max Length
15 cm
Trophic Level
4.1
Resilience
Medium
Vulnerability
31.00/100
Salinity
30–40 ppt

🔬 Taxonomy

🐟 Physical Description

Physical description for Pikehead hardyhead is currently being compiled.

🌀 Behaviour

Behavioural data for Pikehead hardyhead is currently being reviewed.

🦐 Diet

small fish
crustaceans
cephalopods

🥚 Reproduction

🐣 Oviparous 📦 Batch Spawner
Spawning Season
spring-summer
Spawn Location
Pelagic
Fertilization
External

🌍 Habitat & Distribution

Marine; brackish; pelagic-neritic. Temperate; 32°S - 40°S endemic to southern Australia.

🌿 Ecology

Zone Preferences
🌊 Marine 🌿 Brackish 🐟 Pelagic
Trophic Level
4.1
🐠 Schooling

📐 Morphometrics

Length–Weight Relationship: W = 0.00537 × L3.09 (TL)
Max TL
15cm

🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance

Salinity Range
30–40ppt

📊 Population Risk & Fisheries

Population Resilience
Medium
Minimum doubling time
Fishing Vulnerability
31.00/100
Low vulnerability
Trophic Level
4.1
Apex / Top predator
Climate Zone
Temperate
Described By
Klunzinger, 1872

🌐 Names & Taxonomy

Language Common Names
🇬🇧English Pike-head Hardyhead · Pike-headed Hardyhead · Pikehead Hardyhead
🌍CES gavún štikohlavý

Scientific Synonyms

Scientific Name Author Year Status
Atherinason esox Klunzinger 1872 Synonym
Atherinichthys cephalotes Castelnau 1872 Synonym
Atherinichthys esox Klunzinger 1872 Synonym
Atherinichthys picta Castelnau 1872 Synonym

🗺️ Global Occurrence Map

Occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) - 10 records indexed .

Occurrence density from GBIF View GBIF records ↗

👥 Community & Contribute

Aquareap Community Observations
0 Observations logged on Aquareap

No observations yet - be the first to log one!

View all observations for Pikehead hardyhead ↗
Suggest an Edit

Spotted incorrect or outdated data? Submit a correction and our editorial team will review it. Approved edits go live within 48 hours.

Link to a scientific paper, FishBase, or other authoritative source
Report an Issue

Found a factual error, broken data, or inappropriate content? Let us know and we will investigate promptly.