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🌊 Marine 🌡️ Temperate

Greater sand-eel

Hyperoplus immaculatus Corbin, 1950
Max Length
35 cm
Max Weight
-
Lifespan
-
Trophic Level
4.4
Depth
25–80 m
Climate
Temperate
Resilience
Medium
Vulnerability
48.00/100
Typical Length
-
Depth Zone
demersal

📖 Overview

Inhabits inshore and offshore, although only juveniles appear to occur close inshore. Feeds initially on zooplankton, but for lengths greater than 10 to 15 cm small fish, such as clupeids and ammodytids dominate the diet . Spawns in winter and has a more southern distribution .

Scientific Name
Hyperoplus immaculatus
Authority
Corbin, 1950
Habitat
Marine
Climate
Temperate
Body Shape
Elongated
Max Length
35 cm
Depth Range
25–80 m
Trophic Level
4.4
Resilience
Medium
Vulnerability
48.00/100
Salinity
30–40 ppt

🐟 Physical Description

Dark spot on each side of the snout absent .: elongated.

🌀 Behaviour

Behavioural data for Greater sand-eel is currently being reviewed.

🦐 Diet

small fish
crustaceans
cephalopods

🥚 Reproduction

🐣 Oviparous 📦 Batch Spawner
Spawning Season
spring-summer
Spawn Location
Pelagic
Fertilization
External

🌍 Habitat & Distribution

Marine; demersal; depth range 25 - 80 m . Temperate; 58°N - 48°N, 11°W - 9°E Northeast Atlantic: all coasts of the British Isles and English Channel to northern Biscay.

🌿 Ecology

Zone Preferences
🌊 Marine ⬇️ Benthic
Trophic Level
4.4±0.77

📐 Morphometrics

Length–Weight Relationship: W = 0.00339 × L3.04 (TL)
Max TL
35cm

🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance

Salinity Range
30–40ppt

📊 Population Risk & Fisheries

Population Resilience
Medium
Minimum doubling time
Fishing Vulnerability
48.00/100
Moderate-High vulnerability
Trophic Level
4.4
Apex / Top predator
Body Shape
Elongated
Climate Zone
Temperate
Described By
Corbin, 1950

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