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Diadromous Critically Endangered ⚠️ Venomous ⚡ Traumatogenic 🌡️ Tropical

Ganges shark

Glyphis gangeticus Müller & Henle, 1839
Max Length
204 cm
Max Weight
-
Lifespan
-
Trophic Level
4.2
Depth
-
Climate
Tropical
Resilience
Very low
Vulnerability
63.00/100
Typical Length
-
Depth Zone
demersal

📖 Overview

Biology poorly known. But its minute eyes suggest that it may be adapted to turbid water with poor visibility, as in large tropical rivers and muddy estuaries. Newborn specimens are from 56 to 61 cm long. Viviparous . Its notoriety may have stemmed from its widespread confusion with C. leucas. But this species is potentially dangerous as well because of its size and large teeth, though its reputation as a man-eater is still unproven.

Scientific Name
Glyphis gangeticus
Authority
Müller & Henle, 1839
Habitat
Diadromous
Climate
Tropical
IUCN Status
CR
Max Length
204 cm
Trophic Level
4.2
Resilience
Very low
Vulnerability
63.00/100
Migration
Amphidromous
Salinity
30–40 ppt

🔬 Taxonomy

Genus
Glyphis
Glyphis
Species
Ganges shark
Glyphis gangeticus

🐟 Physical Description

Physical description for Ganges shark is currently being compiled.

🌀 Behaviour

Behavioural data for Ganges shark is currently being reviewed.

🦐 Diet

small fish
crustaceans
cephalopods

🥚 Reproduction

🐣 Viviparous 🤰 Viviparous

Viviparous, placental . Distinct pairing with embrace .

🌍 Habitat & Distribution

Marine; freshwater; brackish; demersal; amphidromous . Tropical; 30°N - 8°N, 65°E - 143°E West Pacific: north Indian Ocean, Indus River outside Karachi, Pakistan to Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand and Borneo.

🌿 Ecology

Zone Preferences
🌊 Marine 💧 Freshwater 🌿 Brackish ⬇️ Benthic
Migration
Amphidromous
Trophic Level
4.2±0.7

📐 Morphometrics

Length–Weight Relationship: W = 0.0049 × L3.08 (TL)
Max TL
204cm

🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance

Salinity Range
30–40ppt

🛡️ Conservation Assessment

IUCN Category
Critically Endangered
Assessment Date
2021

📊 Population Risk & Fisheries

Population Resilience
Very low
Minimum doubling time
Fishing Vulnerability
63.00/100
High vulnerability
Trophic Level
4.2
Apex / Top predator
Climate Zone
Tropical
Described By
Müller & Henle, 1839

⚠️ Venom Profile

Medical Warning: This species is venomous. Seek immediate medical attention if envenomated. Contact emergency services and follow first aid guidance below.
Venom Type
proteinaceous neurotoxin
Delivery
dorsal, anal, and pelvic fin spines
Potency
Severe
Mortality Risk
Low
Symptom Onset
5min
Duration
24.0hrs
Antivenom
✗ Not Available
Named Toxins
high-molecular-weight protein (Stonustoxin analogue) acetylcholine
Symptoms
  • immediate intense pain
  • swelling
  • erythema
  • occasional nausea and weakness
Affected Body Systems
peripheral nervous system cardiovascular
First Aid
Immerse affected area in hot water (45 C, tolerable) for 30-90 minutes to denature toxin. Do not apply ice.
Medical Treatment

Analgesia; wound care; tetanus prophylaxis; severe cases may require monitoring for systemic effects.

References: Compiled from Bhide (2018), Halstead et al. (1988) and family-specific envenomation literature

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