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🌊 Marine Least Concern 🌡️ Tropical

Wavy-lined grouper

Epinephelus undulosus Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
Max Length
120 cm
Max Weight
6.4 kg
Lifespan
-
Trophic Level
3.7
Depth
24–90 m
Climate
Tropical
Resilience
Very low
Vulnerability
69.00/100
Typical Length
45 cm
Depth Zone
reef

📖 Overview

Lives on muddy open substrate, seeking refuge in holes in the mud or with solid structures, shipwrecks or debris. A flighty species (Ref; 48635). Also found on banks . Feeds on small fishes and crustaceans (stomatopods), shrimps, and pelagic tunicates (Thalia and Pyrosoma sp.) . Solitary (Ref 90102).

Scientific Name
Epinephelus undulosus
Authority
Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
Habitat
Marine
Climate
Tropical
Body Shape
Fusiform / normal
IUCN Status
LC
Max Length
120 cm
Max Weight
6.4 kg
Depth Range
24–90 m
Latitude
13°S – 27°N
Trophic Level
3.7
Resilience
Very low
Vulnerability
69.00/100
Salinity
30–40 ppt

🐟 Physical Description

Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 17 - 19; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: head, body and fins purplish grey to brownish grey; head with brown to golden brown dots and wavy longitudinal lines of the same colour on the dorsal part of the body (lines faint of absent on large specimens); narrowly blackish margin of spinous dorsal fin; body depth contained 2.7-3.1 times in SL; head length 2.5-2.7 times in SL; convex interorbital area; angular preopercle, notch above angle and enlarged serrae at angle; straight or slightly concave upper edge of operculum; subequal posterior and anterior nostrils or slightly larger posterior nostril; maxilla reaches to vertical at rear edge of eye; ventral edge of maxilla in adults with prominent knob or hook-like process; 2 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw .: fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.

🌀 Behaviour

Behavioural data for Wavy-lined grouper is currently being reviewed.

🦐 Diet

aquatic invertebrates
small fish
algae
detritus

🥚 Reproduction

🐣 Oviparous 📦 Batch Spawner
Spawning Season
spring-summer
Spawn Location
Pelagic
Fertilization
External

🌍 Habitat & Distribution

Marine; reef-associated; depth range 24 - 90 m . Tropical; 27°N - 13°S, 39°E - 158°E West Pacific: Gulf of Oman to Kenya, including Laccadive Islands, India, Sri Lanka, and the Andaman Islands.

🌿 Ecology

Zone Preferences
🌊 Marine 🪸 Reef Associated
Trophic Level
3.7±0.51
🧍 Solitary
Food Items

small fishes and crustaceans (stomatopods), shrimps, and pelagic tunicates (Thalia and Pyrosoma sp

📐 Morphometrics

Length–Weight Relationship: W = 0.00741 × L3 (TL)
Max TL
120cm
Max Weight
6,400g
Dorsal Spines
11
Dorsal Rays
18
Anal Spines
3
Anal Rays
8

🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance

Salinity Range
30–40ppt

🛡️ Conservation Assessment

IUCN Category
Least Concern
Assessment Date
2016

📊 Population Risk & Fisheries

Population Resilience
Very low
Minimum doubling time
Fishing Vulnerability
69.00/100
High vulnerability
Trophic Level
3.7
Predator
Body Shape
Fusiform / normal
Climate Zone
Tropical
Latitude Range
27°N – 13°S
Described By
Quoy & Gaimard, 1824

🌐 Names & Taxonomy

Language Common Names
🇬🇧English Brown-lined Reef Cod · Mid Water Grouper · Midwater Rockcod · wavy-lined grouper · Wavyline Grouper
🇸🇦Arabic Hamour
🌍CES kanic vlnkovaný
🇫🇷French Merou Ondule
🌍KAN Kolaji
🌍MAL Kolamin · കലവ മീന് · കൊലമീന്
🌍MAR Gobra · Hekaru · गोबरा · हीकरू
🇵🇹Portuguese Garoupa-de-linhas-onduladas
🇷🇺Russian Волнистый групер
🇪🇸Spanish Mero Ondulado
🌍TAM ௨ல்டா கலவா · Kalava
🌍TEL Bontoo
🌍TGL Puol
🌍THA ปลากะรังลายคลื่น
🇨🇳Chinese 波紋石斑魚 · 石斑

🗺️ Global Occurrence Map

Occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) - 3 records indexed .

Occurrence density from GBIF View GBIF records ↗

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