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🌊 Marine Least Concern 🌡️ Tropical

Blacksaddle grouper

Epinephelus howlandi Günther, 1873
Max Length
55 cm
Max Weight
Lifespan
Trophic Level
4
Depth
1–37 m
Climate
Tropical
Resilience
Medium
Vulnerability
44.00/100

📖 Overview

Usually found over rocky areas or on coral reefs. Feeds on fishes and crustaceans (shrimps and crab) with occasional molluscs or worms . Nothing has been published on its biology. Appears to be very rare and therefore of little commercial importance. In Hong Kong live fish markets .

Scientific Name
Epinephelus howlandi
Authority
Günther, 1873
Habitat
Marine
Climate
Tropical
Body Shape
Fusiform / normal
IUCN Status
LC
Max Length
55 cm
Depth Range
1–37 m
Latitude
34°S – 28°N
Trophic Level
4
Resilience
Medium
Vulnerability
44.00/100
Salinity
30–40 ppt

🐟 Physical Description

Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15 - 17; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: head and body pale grey or brownish grey, covered with small brownish black spots with diffuse edges, separated from adjacent spots by spaces equal to or greater than width of the spots; body with black saddle blotch , smaller black saddle blotch on the caudal peduncle; dusky margins of the soft dorsal, caudal and anal fins, with white line along edge; median and pelvic fins with dark spots; dusky pectoral fins with few dark spots basally; body depth contained 2.9-3.3 times in SL; HL 2.2-2.5 times in SL; flat interorbital area, convex dorsal head profile; rounded preopercle, slightly enlarged serrae at angle; maxilla reaches past vertical at rear edge of eye; 2-4 rows of teeth on the midlateral part of lower jaw; pyloric caeca 13 .: fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.

🌀 Behaviour

Behavioural data for Blacksaddle grouper is currently being reviewed.

🦐 Diet

Diet information for Blacksaddle grouper is currently being compiled.

🥚 Reproduction

Reproduction data for Blacksaddle grouper is currently being compiled.

🌍 Habitat & Distribution

Marine; reef-associated; depth range 1 - 37 m . Tropical; 28°N - 34°S, 115°E - 174°W south to Lord Howe Island and east to Howland Island and Samoa.

🌿 Ecology

Zone Preferences
🌊 Marine 🪸 Reef Associated
Trophic Level
4±0.64
Food Items

fishes and crustaceans (shrimps and crab) with occasional molluscs or worms (Ref

📐 Morphometrics

Length–Weight Relationship: W = 0.01148 × L3.05 (TL)
Max TL
55cm
Dorsal Spines
11
Dorsal Rays
16
Anal Spines
3
Anal Rays
8

🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance

Salinity Range
30–40ppt

🛡️ Conservation Assessment

IUCN Category
Least Concern
Assessment Date
2016

📊 Population Risk & Fisheries

Population Resilience
Medium
Minimum doubling time
Fishing Vulnerability
44.00/100
Moderate vulnerability
Trophic Level
4
Apex / Top predator
Body Shape
Fusiform / normal
Climate Zone
Tropical
Latitude Range
28°N – 34°S
Described By
Günther, 1873

🗺️ Global Occurrence Map

Occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) — 4 records indexed .

Occurrence density from GBIF View GBIF records ↗

👥 Community & Contribute

Aquareap Community Observations
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