New 🐟 Mercury Safety Guide & Omega-3 Rankings Updated for 2026. View Omega-3 Rankings →

💧 Freshwater Least Concern 🎣 Game Fish 🌡️ Subtropical 🎣 Game Fish

Freshwater drum

Aplodinotus grunniens Rafinesque, 1819
Max Length
95 cm
Max Weight
24.7 kg
Lifespan
13 yrs
Trophic Level
3.4
Depth
Climate
Subtropical
Resilience
Medium
Vulnerability
42.00/100
Typical Length
45 cm
Depth Zone
demersal

📖 Overview

Occur in bottoms of medium to large rivers and lakes . Adults feed on aquatic insect immatures such as mayflies (Hexagenia), amphipods, fish (especially shad and young drum), crayfish and mollusks. Larval stages of drum consume larvae of other fishes, while young fishes utilize zooplankton . Known to produce sound. L-shaped otoliths are collected as 'lucky stones' . Utilized fresh and can be pan-fried and broiled .

Scientific Name
Aplodinotus grunniens
Authority
Rafinesque, 1819
Habitat
Freshwater
Climate
Subtropical
Body Shape
Fusiform / normal
IUCN Status
LC
Max Length
95 cm
Max Weight
24.7 kg
Lifespan
13 years
Trophic Level
3.4
Resilience
Medium
Vulnerability
42.00/100
Salinity
0–0.5 ppt

🐟 Physical Description

: fusiform / normal.

🌀 Behaviour

Behavioural data for Freshwater drum is currently being reviewed.

🦐 Diet

Diet information for Freshwater drum is currently being compiled.

🥚 Reproduction

Reproduction data for Freshwater drum is currently being compiled.

🌍 Habitat & Distribution

Freshwater; demersal; depth range 30 - ? m . Subtropical; ? - 32°C ; 58°N - 15°N, 110°W - 70°W North and Central America: St.

🌿 Ecology

Zone Preferences
💧 Freshwater ⬇️ Benthic
Trophic Level
3.4±0.43
Food Items

aquatic insect immatures such as mayflies (Hexagenia), amphipods, fish (especially shad and young dr

📐 Morphometrics

Length–Weight Relationship: W = 0.00933 × L3.18 (TL)
Max TL
95cm
Max Weight
24,700g

🌡️ Water Parameters & Tolerance

Salinity Range
0–0.5ppt

🛡️ Conservation Assessment

IUCN Category
Least Concern
Assessment Date
2019

📊 Population Risk & Fisheries

Population Resilience
Medium
Minimum doubling time
Fishing Vulnerability
42.00/100
Moderate vulnerability
Trophic Level
3.4
Predator
Body Shape
Fusiform / normal
Climate Zone
Subtropical
Described By
Rafinesque, 1819

🌐 Names & Taxonomy

Language Common Names
🇬🇧English Bubbler · Croaker · Grinder · Lavender Bass · Sheephead · Sheepshead · Silver Bass · Thunderpumper · freshwater drum
🌍CES smuha chrochtavá
🇩🇰Danish Flodtrommefisk
🇩🇪German Süßwassertrommler
🇫🇷French gaspergou · malachigan
🌍OJI Maanashigan
🇵🇹Portuguese Corvina-de-água-doce-norte-americana
🇷🇺Russian Речной горбыль · Североамериканский пресноводный горбыль
🇪🇸Spanish roncador de agua dulce
🇨🇳Chinese 淡水石首魚

🗺️ Global Occurrence Map

Occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) — 73 records indexed .

Occurrence density from GBIF View GBIF records ↗

👥 Community & Contribute

Aquareap Community Observations
0 Observations logged on Aquareap

No observations yet — be the first to log one!

View all observations for Freshwater drum ↗
Suggest an Edit

Spotted incorrect or outdated data? Submit a correction and our editorial team will review it. Approved edits go live within 48 hours.

Link to a scientific paper, FishBase, or other authoritative source
Report an Issue

Found a factual error, broken data, or inappropriate content? Let us know and we will investigate promptly.